ETHICS CODE — e3

1. General principles

e³ – Journal of Economics, Business and Entrepreneurship in the community of Portuguese-speaking countries (e³) is guided by principles of scientific integrity, transparency, editorial rigor and ethical responsibility throughout the publication process.

The journal follows internationally recognized guidelines and best practices, including those of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki), International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and ARRIVE Guidelines.

2. Responsibilities of stakeholders

Editors

Editors ensure fairness, confidentiality and quality in the editorial process, basing decisions solely on scientific merit and relevance.

Authors

Authors are responsible for the originality, accuracy and integrity of their work and must disclose conflicts of interest and funding sources.

Reviewers

Reviewers must act objectively and confidentially, providing constructive feedback and declaring any conflicts of interest.

3. Scientific integrity and quality

The journal adopts measures to prevent plagiarism, data manipulation, redundant publication and other forms of misconduct.

Manuscripts are evaluated based on relevance, originality, methodological quality and scientific contribution.

4. Research ethics

Submitted work must comply with internationally accepted ethical standards, including data protection, informed consent and ethical approval where applicable.

The journal promotes transparency and accountability in research practices.

5. Corrections, retractions and scholarly record

e³ is committed to correcting errors and retracting publications when necessary, following COPE guidelines.

Such actions are conducted transparently to preserve the integrity of the scholarly record.

6. Use of Artificial Intelligence and automated tools

The e³ journal promotes transparency in the use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and automated tools.

Authors must disclose any use of AI tools in manuscript preparation, except for basic language editing or formatting. Authors are fully responsible for the accuracy, integrity and originality of the content, including any AI-assisted material.

AI tools cannot be listed as authors and cannot be cited as primary sources.

Editors and reviewers must not use generative AI to produce evaluations or editorial decisions due to risks related to confidentiality, bias and reliability. Any permitted use of automated tools must remain under human supervision.

7. Editorial independence, conflicts of interest and complaints

The journal ensures full editorial independence from the publisher and any external entities.
All participants in the publication process must disclose any potential conflicts of interest.
The journal provides mechanisms for handling appeals, complaints and allegations of misconduct in accordance with COPE principles.

Confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and personal data is strictly maintained throughout the editorial process.